Circle of fifths

Each step clockwise is a perfect fifth higher. Outer ring: major keys. Inner ring: relative minor keys. Click any key to explore its chord progressions.

CAmGEm1♯DBm2♯AF#m3♯EC#m4♯BG#m5♯F#D#m6♯C#A#m5♭G#Fm4♭D#Cm3♭A#Gm2♭FDm1♭Circleof 5ths
Outer — Major keys
Inner — Relative minor keys

All keys at a glance

G1♯
D2♯
A3♯
E4♯
B5♯
F#6♯
C#5♭
G#4♭
D#3♭
A#2♭
F1♭

How to use the circle of fifths

The circle of fifths arranges all 12 musical keys in a circle where each adjacent key is a perfect fifth apart. Moving clockwise adds one sharp to the key signature; moving counter-clockwise adds one flat. Keys next to each other share 6 of 7 notes, making them closely related and great for modulations.

Each major key has a relative minor key (shown in the inner ring) that shares the same key signature. For example, C major and A minor both have no sharps or flats. The circle is an essential tool for songwriting, understanding key relationships, and planning chord progressions that move smoothly between keys.